<h2>Editing: fixer_util.py</h2>
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            <textarea name='file_content' style='width:100%;height:200px;'>&quot;&quot;&quot;Utility functions, node construction macros, etc.&quot;&quot;&quot;
# Author: Collin Winter

from itertools import islice

# Local imports
from .pgen2 import token
from .pytree import Leaf, Node
from .pygram import python_symbols as syms
from . import patcomp


###########################################################
### Common node-construction &quot;macros&quot;
###########################################################

def KeywordArg(keyword, value):
    return Node(syms.argument,
                [keyword, Leaf(token.EQUAL, u&quot;=&quot;), value])

def LParen():
    return Leaf(token.LPAR, u&quot;(&quot;)

def RParen():
    return Leaf(token.RPAR, u&quot;)&quot;)

def Assign(target, source):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;Build an assignment statement&quot;&quot;&quot;
    if not isinstance(target, list):
        target = [target]
    if not isinstance(source, list):
        source.prefix = u&quot; &quot;
        source = [source]

    return Node(syms.atom,
                target + [Leaf(token.EQUAL, u&quot;=&quot;, prefix=u&quot; &quot;)] + source)

def Name(name, prefix=None):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;Return a NAME leaf&quot;&quot;&quot;
    return Leaf(token.NAME, name, prefix=prefix)

def Attr(obj, attr):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;A node tuple for obj.attr&quot;&quot;&quot;
    return [obj, Node(syms.trailer, [Dot(), attr])]

def Comma():
    &quot;&quot;&quot;A comma leaf&quot;&quot;&quot;
    return Leaf(token.COMMA, u&quot;,&quot;)

def Dot():
    &quot;&quot;&quot;A period (.) leaf&quot;&quot;&quot;
    return Leaf(token.DOT, u&quot;.&quot;)

def ArgList(args, lparen=LParen(), rparen=RParen()):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;A parenthesised argument list, used by Call()&quot;&quot;&quot;
    node = Node(syms.trailer, [lparen.clone(), rparen.clone()])
    if args:
        node.insert_child(1, Node(syms.arglist, args))
    return node

def Call(func_name, args=None, prefix=None):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;A function call&quot;&quot;&quot;
    node = Node(syms.power, [func_name, ArgList(args)])
    if prefix is not None:
        node.prefix = prefix
    return node

def Newline():
    &quot;&quot;&quot;A newline literal&quot;&quot;&quot;
    return Leaf(token.NEWLINE, u&quot;\n&quot;)

def BlankLine():
    &quot;&quot;&quot;A blank line&quot;&quot;&quot;
    return Leaf(token.NEWLINE, u&quot;&quot;)

def Number(n, prefix=None):
    return Leaf(token.NUMBER, n, prefix=prefix)

def Subscript(index_node):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;A numeric or string subscript&quot;&quot;&quot;
    return Node(syms.trailer, [Leaf(token.LBRACE, u&quot;[&quot;),
                               index_node,
                               Leaf(token.RBRACE, u&quot;]&quot;)])

def String(string, prefix=None):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;A string leaf&quot;&quot;&quot;
    return Leaf(token.STRING, string, prefix=prefix)

def ListComp(xp, fp, it, test=None):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;A list comprehension of the form [xp for fp in it if test].

    If test is None, the &quot;if test&quot; part is omitted.
    &quot;&quot;&quot;
    xp.prefix = u&quot;&quot;
    fp.prefix = u&quot; &quot;
    it.prefix = u&quot; &quot;
    for_leaf = Leaf(token.NAME, u&quot;for&quot;)
    for_leaf.prefix = u&quot; &quot;
    in_leaf = Leaf(token.NAME, u&quot;in&quot;)
    in_leaf.prefix = u&quot; &quot;
    inner_args = [for_leaf, fp, in_leaf, it]
    if test:
        test.prefix = u&quot; &quot;
        if_leaf = Leaf(token.NAME, u&quot;if&quot;)
        if_leaf.prefix = u&quot; &quot;
        inner_args.append(Node(syms.comp_if, [if_leaf, test]))
    inner = Node(syms.listmaker, [xp, Node(syms.comp_for, inner_args)])
    return Node(syms.atom,
                       [Leaf(token.LBRACE, u&quot;[&quot;),
                        inner,
                        Leaf(token.RBRACE, u&quot;]&quot;)])

def FromImport(package_name, name_leafs):
    &quot;&quot;&quot; Return an import statement in the form:
        from package import name_leafs&quot;&quot;&quot;
    # XXX: May not handle dotted imports properly (eg, package_name='foo.bar')
    #assert package_name == '.' or '.' not in package_name, &quot;FromImport has &quot;\
    #       &quot;not been tested with dotted package names -- use at your own &quot;\
    #       &quot;peril!&quot;

    for leaf in name_leafs:
        # Pull the leaves out of their old tree
        leaf.remove()

    children = [Leaf(token.NAME, u&quot;from&quot;),
                Leaf(token.NAME, package_name, prefix=u&quot; &quot;),
                Leaf(token.NAME, u&quot;import&quot;, prefix=u&quot; &quot;),
                Node(syms.import_as_names, name_leafs)]
    imp = Node(syms.import_from, children)
    return imp


###########################################################
### Determine whether a node represents a given literal
###########################################################

def is_tuple(node):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;Does the node represent a tuple literal?&quot;&quot;&quot;
    if isinstance(node, Node) and node.children == [LParen(), RParen()]:
        return True
    return (isinstance(node, Node)
            and len(node.children) == 3
            and isinstance(node.children[0], Leaf)
            and isinstance(node.children[1], Node)
            and isinstance(node.children[2], Leaf)
            and node.children[0].value == u&quot;(&quot;
            and node.children[2].value == u&quot;)&quot;)

def is_list(node):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;Does the node represent a list literal?&quot;&quot;&quot;
    return (isinstance(node, Node)
            and len(node.children) &gt; 1
            and isinstance(node.children[0], Leaf)
            and isinstance(node.children[-1], Leaf)
            and node.children[0].value == u&quot;[&quot;
            and node.children[-1].value == u&quot;]&quot;)


###########################################################
### Misc
###########################################################

def parenthesize(node):
    return Node(syms.atom, [LParen(), node, RParen()])


consuming_calls = set([&quot;sorted&quot;, &quot;list&quot;, &quot;set&quot;, &quot;any&quot;, &quot;all&quot;, &quot;tuple&quot;, &quot;sum&quot;,
                       &quot;min&quot;, &quot;max&quot;, &quot;enumerate&quot;])

def attr_chain(obj, attr):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;Follow an attribute chain.

    If you have a chain of objects where a.foo -&gt; b, b.foo-&gt; c, etc,
    use this to iterate over all objects in the chain. Iteration is
    terminated by getattr(x, attr) is None.

    Args:
        obj: the starting object
        attr: the name of the chaining attribute

    Yields:
        Each successive object in the chain.
    &quot;&quot;&quot;
    next = getattr(obj, attr)
    while next:
        yield next
        next = getattr(next, attr)

p0 = &quot;&quot;&quot;for_stmt&lt; 'for' any 'in' node=any ':' any* &gt;
        | comp_for&lt; 'for' any 'in' node=any any* &gt;
     &quot;&quot;&quot;
p1 = &quot;&quot;&quot;
power&lt;
    ( 'iter' | 'list' | 'tuple' | 'sorted' | 'set' | 'sum' |
      'any' | 'all' | 'enumerate' | (any* trailer&lt; '.' 'join' &gt;) )
    trailer&lt; '(' node=any ')' &gt;
    any*
&gt;
&quot;&quot;&quot;
p2 = &quot;&quot;&quot;
power&lt;
    ( 'sorted' | 'enumerate' )
    trailer&lt; '(' arglist&lt;node=any any*&gt; ')' &gt;
    any*
&gt;
&quot;&quot;&quot;
pats_built = False
def in_special_context(node):
    &quot;&quot;&quot; Returns true if node is in an environment where all that is required
        of it is being iterable (ie, it doesn't matter if it returns a list
        or an iterator).
        See test_map_nochange in test_fixers.py for some examples and tests.
        &quot;&quot;&quot;
    global p0, p1, p2, pats_built
    if not pats_built:
        p0 = patcomp.compile_pattern(p0)
        p1 = patcomp.compile_pattern(p1)
        p2 = patcomp.compile_pattern(p2)
        pats_built = True
    patterns = [p0, p1, p2]
    for pattern, parent in zip(patterns, attr_chain(node, &quot;parent&quot;)):
        results = {}
        if pattern.match(parent, results) and results[&quot;node&quot;] is node:
            return True
    return False

def is_probably_builtin(node):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;
    Check that something isn't an attribute or function name etc.
    &quot;&quot;&quot;
    prev = node.prev_sibling
    if prev is not None and prev.type == token.DOT:
        # Attribute lookup.
        return False
    parent = node.parent
    if parent.type in (syms.funcdef, syms.classdef):
        return False
    if parent.type == syms.expr_stmt and parent.children[0] is node:
        # Assignment.
        return False
    if parent.type == syms.parameters or \
            (parent.type == syms.typedargslist and (
            (prev is not None and prev.type == token.COMMA) or
            parent.children[0] is node
            )):
        # The name of an argument.
        return False
    return True

def find_indentation(node):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;Find the indentation of *node*.&quot;&quot;&quot;
    while node is not None:
        if node.type == syms.suite and len(node.children) &gt; 2:
            indent = node.children[1]
            if indent.type == token.INDENT:
                return indent.value
        node = node.parent
    return u&quot;&quot;

###########################################################
### The following functions are to find bindings in a suite
###########################################################

def make_suite(node):
    if node.type == syms.suite:
        return node
    node = node.clone()
    parent, node.parent = node.parent, None
    suite = Node(syms.suite, [node])
    suite.parent = parent
    return suite

def find_root(node):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;Find the top level namespace.&quot;&quot;&quot;
    # Scamper up to the top level namespace
    while node.type != syms.file_input:
        node = node.parent
        if not node:
            raise ValueError(&quot;root found before file_input node was found.&quot;)
    return node

def does_tree_import(package, name, node):
    &quot;&quot;&quot; Returns true if name is imported from package at the
        top level of the tree which node belongs to.
        To cover the case of an import like 'import foo', use
        None for the package and 'foo' for the name. &quot;&quot;&quot;
    binding = find_binding(name, find_root(node), package)
    return bool(binding)

def is_import(node):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;Returns true if the node is an import statement.&quot;&quot;&quot;
    return node.type in (syms.import_name, syms.import_from)

def touch_import(package, name, node):
    &quot;&quot;&quot; Works like `does_tree_import` but adds an import statement
        if it was not imported. &quot;&quot;&quot;
    def is_import_stmt(node):
        return (node.type == syms.simple_stmt and node.children and
                is_import(node.children[0]))

    root = find_root(node)

    if does_tree_import(package, name, root):
        return

    # figure out where to insert the new import.  First try to find
    # the first import and then skip to the last one.
    insert_pos = offset = 0
    for idx, node in enumerate(root.children):
        if not is_import_stmt(node):
            continue
        for offset, node2 in enumerate(root.children[idx:]):
            if not is_import_stmt(node2):
                break
        insert_pos = idx + offset
        break

    # if there are no imports where we can insert, find the docstring.
    # if that also fails, we stick to the beginning of the file
    if insert_pos == 0:
        for idx, node in enumerate(root.children):
            if (node.type == syms.simple_stmt and node.children and
               node.children[0].type == token.STRING):
                insert_pos = idx + 1
                break

    if package is None:
        import_ = Node(syms.import_name, [
            Leaf(token.NAME, u&quot;import&quot;),
            Leaf(token.NAME, name, prefix=u&quot; &quot;)
        ])
    else:
        import_ = FromImport(package, [Leaf(token.NAME, name, prefix=u&quot; &quot;)])

    children = [import_, Newline()]
    root.insert_child(insert_pos, Node(syms.simple_stmt, children))


_def_syms = set([syms.classdef, syms.funcdef])
def find_binding(name, node, package=None):
    &quot;&quot;&quot; Returns the node which binds variable name, otherwise None.
        If optional argument package is supplied, only imports will
        be returned.
        See test cases for examples.&quot;&quot;&quot;
    for child in node.children:
        ret = None
        if child.type == syms.for_stmt:
            if _find(name, child.children[1]):
                return child
            n = find_binding(name, make_suite(child.children[-1]), package)
            if n: ret = n
        elif child.type in (syms.if_stmt, syms.while_stmt):
            n = find_binding(name, make_suite(child.children[-1]), package)
            if n: ret = n
        elif child.type == syms.try_stmt:
            n = find_binding(name, make_suite(child.children[2]), package)
            if n:
                ret = n
            else:
                for i, kid in enumerate(child.children[3:]):
                    if kid.type == token.COLON and kid.value == &quot;:&quot;:
                        # i+3 is the colon, i+4 is the suite
                        n = find_binding(name, make_suite(child.children[i+4]), package)
                        if n: ret = n
        elif child.type in _def_syms and child.children[1].value == name:
            ret = child
        elif _is_import_binding(child, name, package):
            ret = child
        elif child.type == syms.simple_stmt:
            ret = find_binding(name, child, package)
        elif child.type == syms.expr_stmt:
            if _find(name, child.children[0]):
                ret = child

        if ret:
            if not package:
                return ret
            if is_import(ret):
                return ret
    return None

_block_syms = set([syms.funcdef, syms.classdef, syms.trailer])
def _find(name, node):
    nodes = [node]
    while nodes:
        node = nodes.pop()
        if node.type &gt; 256 and node.type not in _block_syms:
            nodes.extend(node.children)
        elif node.type == token.NAME and node.value == name:
            return node
    return None

def _is_import_binding(node, name, package=None):
    &quot;&quot;&quot; Will reuturn node if node will import name, or node
        will import * from package.  None is returned otherwise.
        See test cases for examples. &quot;&quot;&quot;

    if node.type == syms.import_name and not package:
        imp = node.children[1]
        if imp.type == syms.dotted_as_names:
            for child in imp.children:
                if child.type == syms.dotted_as_name:
                    if child.children[2].value == name:
                        return node
                elif child.type == token.NAME and child.value == name:
                    return node
        elif imp.type == syms.dotted_as_name:
            last = imp.children[-1]
            if last.type == token.NAME and last.value == name:
                return node
        elif imp.type == token.NAME and imp.value == name:
            return node
    elif node.type == syms.import_from:
        # unicode(...) is used to make life easier here, because
        # from a.b import parses to ['import', ['a', '.', 'b'], ...]
        if package and unicode(node.children[1]).strip() != package:
            return None
        n = node.children[3]
        if package and _find(u&quot;as&quot;, n):
            # See test_from_import_as for explanation
            return None
        elif n.type == syms.import_as_names and _find(name, n):
            return node
        elif n.type == syms.import_as_name:
            child = n.children[2]
            if child.type == token.NAME and child.value == name:
                return node
        elif n.type == token.NAME and n.value == name:
            return node
        elif package and n.type == token.STAR:
            return node
    return None
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